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TRANSCompel™ - Documentation
Since functional properties and tissue distribution of factors vary significantly within the same factor class, another criteria for classification is suggested based on combinatorial regulation provided by a CE (Kel,O.V. et al., 1997). Cross-coupling between structurally and functionally different factors on composite regulatory elements seems to be a general regulatory pathway. In fact, it opens up wide possibility for coding very specific gene expression profiles in the structure of gene regulatory regions.
CEs can be divided into the following groups (Table 2):
- CEs providing tissue-specific regulation, when one factor is tissue- or cell type-specific, and another is ubiquitous and constitutive
- Tissue-specific induction, when one factor is tissue-specific and another is ubiquitous and inducible
- Inducible regulation, when one factor mediates a response to an extracellular signal and another is ubiquitous and constitutive
- Cross-coupling of signal transduction pathways, in case when both factors are inducible through different pathways
- Cell cycle-dependent regulation, when activity of the first factor is dependent on the cell cycle stage, and second factor is cell-cycle independent.
Table 2. Examples of distinct types of composite elements according to
a combinatorial regulation provided.
Name and functional property of Factor 1 |
Name and functional property of Factor 2 |
Gene |
Positions within gene |
TRANSCompel acc |
Tissue-specific induction by signal A |
| C/EBPa , liver-enriched
HNF-1, liver-enriched
Pit-1, pituitary-specific
C/EBPd , liver-enriched |
DR, ind. by dioxin
C/EBPb , ind. by IL-6
c-Ets-1, ind. via Ras
NF-k B, ind. by IL-1 & TNFa |
GST Ya, rat
b -Fibrinogen, human
Prolactin, rat
SAA, rabbit |
-899 to -881
-143 to -125
-217 to -190
-162 to -147
-159 to -139 |
C00089
C00110
C00131
C00137
C00148 |
Tissue-specific regulation triggered by an ubiquitous factor |
| MyoD, muscle-specific
Pit-1, pituitary-specific
HNF-1, liver-enriched
Oct-2A, lymphoid-specific |
Sp1, ubiquitous
Oct-1, ubiquitous
Oct-1, ubiquitous
Oct-1, ubiquitous |
Cardiac a -actin, human
Prolactin, rat
Large surface antigen, HBV
IgH, mouse |
-82 to -49
-58 to -43
-86 to -51
-116 to -98
|
C00028
C00047
C00048
C00049 |
Regulation upon induction for which a constitutive factor is essential |
| NF-k B, ind. by IL-1 & TNFa
C/EBPb , ind. by IL-6
CREB, ind. by cAMP
c-Ets-2, ind. via Ras
NF-AT, ind. by Ca2+
Stat 3, ind. by IL-6 |
Sp1, constitutive
Sp1, constitutive
GATA, constitutive
Sp1, constitutive
Oct-1, constitutive
Sp1, constitutive |
HIV-1 LTR
CYP2D5, rat
Gonadotropin a -subunit, human
Transglutaminase 3, human
IL-3, human
C/EBPd , mouse |
-90 to -68
-105 to -83
-156 to -135
-118 to -94
at -13.5 kb
-120 to -102 |
C00055
C00070
C00088
C00136
C00169
C00179 |
Cross-coupling of different signal transduction pathways |
| c-Ets-2, ind. via Ras
C/EBPb , ind. by IL-6
NF-AT, ind. by Ca2+
C/EBPb , ind. by IL-6 |
AP-1, ind. via PKC
NF-k B, ind. by IL-1 & TNFa
AP-1, ind. via PKC
AP-1, ind. via PKC |
Scavenger receptor, human
SAA2, human
IL-4, mouse
TNFa , human |
-65 to -52
-179 to -82
-88 to -64
-107 to -74 |
C00079
C00100
C00159
C00178 |
Cell cycle-specific regulation for which cell cycle independent factor is essential |
| E2F-1, S phase-specific |
Sp1, constitutive |
Thymidine kinase, mouse |
-96 to -69 |
C00132 |
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